Ecological restoration is defined as the process of supporting the recovery of ecosystems that have been degraded, damaged or destroyed, and is a critical component of conservation efforts. Restoration efforts not only aim to restore the structure of ecosystems, but also to restore their functionality and resilience so that they can continue to support biodiversity and provide essential services. Astroides calycularis commonly known as the orange cup coral is widespread in the Western Mediterranean and present in Gibraltar’s waters but is facing multiple challenges for survival such as warming waters due to Climate Change and habitat destruction. The orange cup coral is found in several location in Gibraltar’s waters, particularly Seven Sisters (natural reef) and Camp Bay (artificial reef) and are important species for ecological and economic perspectives. Ecologically, this coral species is important as it provides habitat for other species to thrive. Economically, they are an attractive species for recreational divers that visit Gibraltar for tourism. Most importantly, due to their susceptibility to harm, they can be indicators of ecosystem health.
The project utilises naturally dislodged coral fragments—Corals of Opportunity—collected from a donor site and
translocated to an artificial frame at a shipwreck that serves as a popular dive site within British Gibraltar Territorial Waters (BGTW). The project involves a comprehensive set of methodologies, including the design and deployment of PVC frames for coral attachment, testing various adhesives for secure placement, and implementing detailed monitoring protocols to assess coral health. The project achieved a 100 % success rate with survival of all 23 transplanted coral colonies (within 3 months), demonstrating the feasibility of using PVC frames and adhesives to restore naturally-dislodged colonies. Monitoring tools, including photo analysis with photoQuad software and a specifically designed colour health chart, revealed that colonies did not show decrease in size and 96 % maintained their original colour overall, suggesting minimal stress post-transplantation. Challenges such as the spread of the invasive algae Rugulopteryx okamurae and anthropogenic impacts pose significant threats to long-term restoration success. Effective management, along with frequent monitoring and ongoing stakeholder engagement, will be vital for the continued success of coral restoration efforts and the broader goals of marine conservation within BGTW.
